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A Brief History of Criticism

Aristotle is considered as the founder of literary criticism. But we can not ignore the role of three eminent Greek writers before him who had more or less fully examined the principle of composition: Plato, Isocrates and Aristophanes. The comedy of "The Frogs "by Aristophanes is the first example of hostile literary criticism dedicated to the ridicule of Euripides ' plays. In Plato and Isocrates ' cases, criticism primarily aimed at examining the diction and other compositional techniques. Aristotle, whose politics and rhetoric are among the best and most valuable treaties on which is laid the foundation of which all criticism, we have today. has been raised. Since we are discussing criticism’s background so its very necessary to know the dimension of this genre in Roman times as well. One thing is for sure that in Roman literature criticism never took a very prominent position. Three names fell into this category i.e, the rhetoric work of Cicero, Horace “Art of Poet...

Harold Pinter as a Modern British Playwright

Pinter’s life spans three distinct periods in British history: the period prior to the outbreak of the second world war in 1939, the post-war period, and the time from the mid-1960s to the present day. Vast changes have occurred during this time, including severe economic depression, World War, the loss of Britain Empire, and a continuing process whereby the country has ought to come to term with its new status in the world, and allied itself to Europe. Dramatists are not simply social historians, and Pinter has firmly resisted any attempt to interpret his place on a purely political or social level. Nevertheless, an author cannot help been influenced to a certain extent by the age in which he lives. This can occur on a superficial level, as when an author uses slang or colloquial language that is firmly linked to one particular society or time; and on a deeper level when an author chooses to examine in his works subjects or ideas that are a particular concern of the age in which he li...

Story Of Resilience; The Colour Purple

Alice Walker, "The Color Purple"
 Alice Walker grew up in Georgia – among a community held in racist problems and dire economic condition. She has first-hand knowledge of the hardships of not solely slavery but of the oppressive sharecropping system, where they have to be deprived of the massive part of their income. Throughout her childhood, Walker had to suffer from outright violence led to by her brothers. Most notably, she was shot within the face by one in all her brethren and suffered visual impairment in one eye as a result. She travelled to the African country and different areas of Africa to find her heritage as an African-American lady, and also to uncover her roots and origin. She shares her experiences of race and gender conflicts through her characters and settings. Among her several novels, Walker's "The Color Purple" exemplifies this by telling the story of Cellie. The novel does not simply tell us about the sufferings of African American women bu...

Swift as a prose Writer stands unique

it's justly and honestly been aforementioned that Swift is the best prose writer of England. He dominated primarily the half of the Eighteenth century as DR. Johnson did the second. As an intellectual, he was way superior to Johnson. A number of his satires are misanthropic and cynical, however, none will question his ethical integrity and also the bold earnestness with which he removes the external soft things to bring out the corruption that lies at their heart. Indeed, the extensiveness of his satire is exceptional. Swift sensitiveness to the corruption and the emerging age of reason prompted him to take up his lash. The age merited witticism, and his personal disposition and disappointment created him keen enough to provide it. Swift is perfectly right when he says in The death of Dean: “Perhaps I may allow the Dean had too much satire in his vein, and seemed determined not to starve it, because no age could more deserve it” The greatness of Swift satire lies in style. ...

Modern Poetry (Critical Appreciation)

Modern poetry (Critical Appreciation) Modern poetry has followed totally different traditions from the romantic and Victorian tradition of poetry. All ages have certain concepts regarding poetry, relating to the poetical subjects, the poetical materials and poetical modes. Greek preconceptions regarding poetry were established by great romantic Poets-Coleridge, Byron, Shelley, and Keats. According to them, there were only two nerves in poetry, namely the sublime and pathetic. that's why Herbert Spencer, William Shakespeare and John Milton got a higher place as poets then Dryden and Pope who were merely the men of wit and common sense and had nothing of the transcendentally elegant or pathetic in them. Nineteenth-century poetry is understood for its preoccupation with the dream world, as we discover in Keats “La Belle Dame Sans Merci’, Tennyson’s “The girl of Shalott and Rossetti’s “The Blessed Damozel”. However, such norms couldn't get favour with the poets and critics of the ...

Characteristics of Coleridge Poetry

Coleridge is the co-founder of the Romantic Movement with Wordsworth. As we find Wordsworth in a love with nature, Coleridge is known for his supernaturalism. His poetic career is short but replated with outstanding poems. In 1796, he printed his initial volume of poems on varied subjects. Coleridge’s best works are predominantly of two types, Supernatural Poems: like “Kubla Khan” “Christabel” and “The Rime of Ancient Mariner”. These poems are a glorious example of romantic imagination. The few characteristics that distinguish poet from others are supernaturalism, an element of mystery, fertile imagination, dream quality, medievalism, love of Nature, humanism, music and narrative ability. Let's discuss them in brief one by one. Supernaturalism:  As we know, Supernaturalism can't be explained by celebrated laws and observations. This element is found within the three major works of the poet, widely acclaimed and known as ‘The Ancient Mariner’, ‘Kubla Khan’ and ‘Christabel”....

Geoffrey Chaucer, Father Of English Poetry

Chaucer is rightly regarded as the father of English Poetry. He may also be described as the first modern writer in english. He made a considerable contribution to the development of various poetic forms. The Canterbury Tales, in particular the general prologue is valuable. Chaucer is also a great storyteller as well as a prominent humorist. Chaucer takes the material for his poems wherever he can find it. He borrows profusely from latin French and Italian literature. But whatever he borrows, he makes entirely his own.His originality consists in giving an old story some present human interest making it express the life and ideals of his own age. The knight's tale is noteworthy. its name belongs to an ancient civilisation but its characters are the men and women of the English nobility as Chaucer knew them. this is perhaps his finest work as a narrative poet. it is heroic in subject, chivalrous in sentiment, and romantic in tone. Nominally, it is a...